Dry eye syndrome is a common condition affecting many people in the later decades of life. Most cases have no apparent cause but some are related to various inflammatory conditions, vitamin deficiency, surgical treatment or as a side effect of certain drugs. Complaints include irritation of the eyes, gritty sensation and sometimes blurred vision.
Dry eye symptoms are common in 15% of adults
The aim of treatment is to restore the normal tear film as far as possible. Most dry eyes can be managed in primary care.
Potential causes of dry eye syndrome
Soften meibomian oils: Hot compresses (40-45oC) on the eyelids reduce blockage of meibomian ducts by liquefying meibum.
Improve blink rate and extent: use of video display units (VDU) is associated with both reduced blink frequency and tear film instability. Conscious complete blinking may alleviate dry eye symptoms by spreading tears more effectively and encouraging lipid secretion.
Diet: there is evidence to support the use of omega-3 dietary supplementation to improve symptoms and signs of dry eye by improving meibomian gland function.
Punctal plugs: sometimes inserted by eye care clinicians into drainage punctae to preserve tear volume